Front cover of the first German edition of Der Haß, published by Querido Verlag, Amsterdam, 1933
Antiquariat Dr. Haack, Leipzig, courtesy of Frido Mann, © S. Fischer Verlage, Frankfurt am Main
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March/April 1933
A number of decrees deal with the treatment of refugees to Switzerland.April 1933
Emanuel Querido and Fritz H. Landshoff establish the German-language Querido publishing house in Amsterdam.The publisher Querido Verlag, which is set up as a subsidiary of Em. Querido’s Uitgeverij N.
The Nazis boycott Jewish businesses in GermanyBundesarchiv, Bild 102-14468, photographer: Pahl, Georg1 April 1933
Boycott of Jewish businesses, doctors and lawyersApril 1933
Communist publisher Wieland Herzfelde, owner of the Malik publishing house in Berlin, resumes his work after fleeing from Germany to Prague. His first publication in exile, Rudolf Olden's Hitler the Conqueror, follows soon after.April 1933
Exhibitions defaming modern art, entitled The Art of Governing from 1918 to 1933 and Chamber of Art Horrors, take place in Nuremberg, Dresden and Dessau.7 April 1933
Establishment of the German Emergency Committee, known from 1942 onwards as the Friends Committee for Refugees and Aliens (FCRA)
Reich Legal Gazette with the "Law for the Restoration of the Professional Public Service"
Reichsgeseztesblatt, issue from 7 April 1933, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin7 April 1933
The Reich government passes the "Law for the Restoration of the Professional Public Service" with its so-called "Aryan paragraph" (§3), which aims at the professional ostracism of "non-Aryans".People with a Jewish parent or grandparent were considered “non-Aryan”. The law makes it possible to arbitrarily dismiss people working in the civil service and to send Jewish civil servants into forced retirement.April 1933
The Nazis close the Bauhaus in Berlin. It is able to open again following further negotiations.13 April 1933
The Italian Foreign Minister agrees to accept refugees. However this excludes applicants who have been involved in anti-fascist political activity.April 1933
Establishment of the Advisory Office for German Scientists, later known as the Emergency Association for German Scientists Abroad