Army newspapers
Were founded on the initiative of an army officer and produced in professional conditions by soldiers at Army Headquarters. The workers were exempted from military service.
Austrian engine battery
Gun of the Austro-Hungarian fortress artillery, was produced in 1911 until 1918. The mortar (caliber: 30.5 cm) was already motorized and could be transported in three loads.
Blockade of Germany
A naval operation conducted by Great Britain in order to restrict the maritime supply of raw materials and foodstuffs to the Central Powers.
Dum-dum shells
Projectiles with sawed-off tip and of exposed lead core that can cause serious injury. The projectiles are named after the Indian city Dum Dum, where at the end of the 19th century part jacketed bullets were first manufactured for the British Armed Forces.
Grenadier
Old expression for infantry soldier. They move and fight on foot, armoured with a hand gun.
Ideas of 1914
General term for the attempts by German intellectuals to interpret the war by reverting to the Germany’s cultural traditions. The smallest common denominator of the many different currents of thought was the conviction that the First World War was a war in defence of German culture and society against a Western, materialistic civilisation.
Military volunteers
Men who volunteered for military service without being subject to conscription.
Skagerrak
Sea territory between Jutland and Norway, where a large battle with many losses was fought between the German and British navies at the end of May 1916.
Submarine war
Refers to battles in which submarines were used in order to sink enemy warships and cargo ships.
Sutlers
Dealers who accompanied the troops to war and supplied them with food, cigarettes and other goods.
